Conservative vs conventional oxygen administration in critically ill patients: effects on ICU mortality. A multicentre randomized open label clinical trial.

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• - Pregnancy: Patients who are known to be pregnant or with a positive serum pregnancy test will be excluded. All potentially fertile females will be tested for pregnancy before enrolment in the study. We will consider as potentially fertile all female patients between 18 and 55 with no documented evidence of menopause, hysterectomy, surgical sterilization. - Admission to ICU after elective surgery - ICU readmission (after a first discharge) in the study period; - IMV or NIMV greater than 12 hours in the 28 days before study inclusion; - Clinical decision to withhold life-sustaining treatment or “too sick to benefit” or patients with a life expectancy of less than 28 days due to a chronic or underlying medical condition. - Previous enrolment in other interventional studies of targeted oxygen therapy; - Acute respiratory failure on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease - Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) with a PaO2/FiO2 ratio < 150. - Long-term supplemental oxygen therapy. - Patients candidate to hyperoxia treatment for reasons including (but not limited to) carbon monoxide poisoning or to hyperbaric oxygen therapy;